PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, INVESTIGATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT IN CASES OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Background: Reduced or full suspension of blood flow to a region of the myocardium causes myocardial infarction (MI), sometimes known as "heart attack." Myocardial infarction can be "silent," causing hemodynamic deterioration and abrupt death, or it can be a catastrophic event that causes hemodynamic deterioration and death. The most common cause of myocardial infarction is coronary artery disease, which is the leading cause of death in the United States. The myocardium is deprived of oxygen when a coronary artery is blocked. Myocardial cell loss and necrosis can occur when the myocardium is deprived of oxygen for an extended period. Patients may complain of chest pain or pressure that spreads to the neck, jaw, shoulder, or arm. Myocardial ischemia may be accompanied by ECG alterations and elevated biochemical markers such as cardiac troponins, in addition to the history and physical exam. This exercise covers the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of myocardial infarction, as well as the role of the interprofessional team in enhancing patient care.

Conclusion: This review article aims to review the basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, explain the management protocol when a patient is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, including all necessary laboratory and another diagnostic testing, summarise long-term management and rehabilitation for a patient post-MI, and explain interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance the prevention and management of myocardial infarction.