Circulating Serum Apelin and Oxidized LDL as a Risk Predictor in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Apelin is an adipokine that plays an important role in the prediction of early Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Only a few studies on the role of apelin in T2 D M are available, so this work on apelin was conducted to establish the connection between apelin and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in risk prediction of CHD inT2DM.

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the association of serum apelin with ox-LDL in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and correlate the result with Insulin resistance and lipid profile

Materials and Methods: The study included 60 patients and was equally divided into Group I (30 controls) and Group II (30 T2DM patients). Body Mass Index (BMI), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), HbA1C, insulin, lipid profile, ox-LDL, creatinine, and apelin were analyzed.

Results: FBG, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR were higher in Group II than in Group I (p<0.001). Although the apelin levels were significantly higher in Group II compared to Group I. The ox-LDL was found to be significantly elevated in Group II compared to Group I, and Apelin/ox-LDL was also significantly elevated in Group II. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum apelin correlated with ox-LDL in Group II (r = 0.697).

Conclusion: The study concludes that increased serum apelin along with ox- LDL might have significant clinical use as a marker of cardiovascular risk in T2DM. Apelin serves as an independent predictor, increasing the potential of the possible relation between apelin and ox-LDL in the pathogenesis of CHD risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus.