Assessment and Planning Green Open Spaces for Sustainable Urban Development: A Case Study in Kota Kisaran Timur, Asahan Regency, Indonesia

The provision of Green Open Space (GOS) in Kota Kisaran Timur, located in Asahan Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, falls critically below national standards. In 2023, only 81.46 hectares of GOS were recorded, reflecting minimal growth from 71.58 hectares in 2013, while rapid urbanization significantly increased built-up areas. This study assesses the current state of GOS in Kota Kisaran Timur, projects future requirements based on population growth, and identifies optimal locations for new GOS development using GIS-based spatial analysis. Results reveal that the subdistrict requires a minimum of 522.64 hectares of GOS to meet the national standard of 20% GOS coverage. By 2043, a projected population of 122,421 will necessitate 244,842 m² of public GOS, yet only two villages—Selawan and Siumbut Baru—currently meet these needs. Among the subdistrict’s villages, Mutiara Village emerges as the most suitable site for new park development due to its extensive vacant land and ability to serve the largest population. This research provides a strategic framework for addressing GOS deficits at the subdistrict level and offers actionable insights for policymakers to ensure sustainable and equitable urban development.